Magneto-electric ignition machine



Mar.- 20, 1923.

A. G. l.. NEIGHBOUR MGNETO ELECTRIC IGNITION MACHINE Filed Aug.

, 1922 2 sheets-sheet `l Patented Mar. 20, 1923.

UNITED STATES ARTHUR GEORG-E LLOYD NEIGHBOUR, OF BRIGHTON, VICTORIA, .AUS'lR/AIJA.y

MAGNETIC-ELECTRIC IGNITION MACHINE.

Application led August 15, 1922. .Serial No. 582,073.

To all 'u1/tom 'it' may concern.'

Be it known that I, ARTHUR GEORGE LLOYD Nnrermoon, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at .l Oak Grove, Brighton, in the State of Victoria, Commonwealth ott Australia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Magneto-Electric Ignition Machines; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to magneto electric machines, ordimtrily7 termed i gnetos, which generate currents that periodically reverse in direction and increase in strength from zero 'to maxiniann values.

Magnetos having these characteristics are commonly employed for ignition purposes in inte :l combustion engines. In the more frequently employed type of machine known as a two-spark7 magneto, the current undergoes one completey reversal or cycle during each revolution of the armature, and attains two maximum values which may be used to furnish two sparks. Other machines are designed to have two complete cycles per revolution with corresponding production of four sparks.

It is an object of this invention to provide a magneto o'l" simple construction having an armature ot' special form and arrangement which may be designed to 'furnish as many sparks per revolution as there are ignition periods in one complete working cycle of the engine to which it is to be applied.

F or example a six cylinder engine completes one cycle of work in two revolutions during` which there are six impulses which require six ignitions. The magneto when employe-:l on suoli an engine may be constructed-to yield six sparks per armature revolution and as the@ sparks are required at equal intervals during two revolutions of the. engine it will be obvious that the magneto will require to be driven at one half the sneed ot the crank shatt that is at the speed oit the engine cam shaft. This renders the magneto of special value in its applicaA tion to high speed multi-cylinder engines as by its reduced speed the rate of wear is diminished and the risk of breakdown minimized.

(,)wing to the production during one revolution of the armature ol all the sparks required in one complete workin@ cycle of the engine, it will further be obvious that the rotating element of the distributor may revolve at the same speed as the armature. Advantage is taken of this to mount the rotating distributing element or distributor rotor on the armature itself, and to arrange the stationary portion of the distributor', hereinafter termed the distributor stator concentrically about the axis of rotation. In this manner the construction is vgreatly simplified as the usual slip ring and high tension collecting and vconducting devices may be eliminated. Moreover, the distributor shaft with its bearing, actuating gears, and auxiliary parts, ordinarily fitted in a multicylinder magneto may be dispensed with.

A salient feature of this invention resides in the provision of an armature having an inner core of magnetic material of high permeability, an outer core of non-magnetic material accommodating the armature winding, radial slots formed in the ends of the outer core, and inductors of highly permeable magnetic material fitting the radial slots and magnetically associated with the inner core. The inner core and inductors can be made of unitary construction, and can consist of an assemblage of suitably formed laminations or stampings ot' highly permen able magnetic material. These lamination-s have centrally disposed axial portions and lateral extensions corresponding to the inner core and inductors respectively. The armature core constructed in this manner is mounted in jaws or lugs formed'on end plates, and in the space between the conductors the armature windings are located. The armature is mounted in al magneto in such manner that the axis of the inner core coincides with the axis of rotation around which the inductors are radially disposed.

During rotation of the armature in a suitable transversely disposed magnetic field, cyclical flux changes are brought about in the inner core by the radial inductors. The magnetic tlux is by means of said inductors diverted through the inner core and then provided with a path of lower reluctance across the ends of the core, then again diverted in an opposite direction through the inner core, and again given a path of less reluctance across the ends of the core and so on` these changes occurring in a definite order or cycle. In this manner a magnetic field is alternately created and collapsed through the armature windings thereby effecting the generation ot' alternating currents having periodical maximum values.

The radial inductors may be sufficient in number and spaced at. required intervals to bring about as many maximum current values per revolution of the armature as there are initions in a complete cycle oi" work in a. given type of engine. Accordingly these radial inductors may be ar-- ranged to suit the ignition periods of engines having one, or more cylinders. lli/loreover, by suitable design of the pole pieces and arrangement of the radial inductors7 magnetos may be constructed to suit the ignition periods of V type or other engines.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple unitary type ot framing which can be constructed as a casting, and on which the various operative and coacting parts are secured or mounted. This framing is preferably constructed as a. sleeve which is detachably mounted in the housing or body casting of the magnetoa and may readily be removed therefrom for inspection or repair. ln the event of breakdown, the sleeve may be quickly replaced by another having mounted thereon a complete assemblage of duplicate parts in good order and adjustment. Auxiliary pole pieces are lixed to this sleeve in addition to main pole pieces mounted in said housing or body casting. rliming is eflected by rotating the sleeve on its airis and with it the auxiliary pole pieces. The armature accordingly always bears a definite relationship to the auxiliar"7 pole pieces when the primary circuit is interrupted, the current at any given speed will remain constant and the intensity of the spark will be the same for all adjustments of the timing.

Further objects oit the invention consist in the provision of means enabling the magneto to operate in either direction of rotation without structural alteration; an interruptor or Contact breaker of simple construction which will -function efhciently in either direction of rotation; and means ttor housing the condenser in the armature in such a manner that it may readily be removed and replaced without disturbing other parts of the latter.

lie-ference being had to the drawings illustrating the invention:

Figure l is a view in longitudinal ver tical section ot a six-spark magneto.

Figure 2 is a view in transverse section on the line 2,2 in Figure l.

Figure S is a view in elevation at the end of' Figure l where-at the Contact breaker is located. the cover ot the latter being removed for clearness of illustration.

messes Figure l is a view in perspective of the armature illustrated in `Figure l, shown detached and without windings.

Figure 5 is a view in perspective oil a twospark unwound armature.

Figure 6 is a view in perspective of a four-spart armature 'without windings.

Figure '7 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section of a detail of the invention.

Figures 8 and 9 are diagrammatical views illustrating the actions of a "four-s iark magneto.

Figure l0 is a view in end elevation et a modified detail oli the invention.

Figure il is a view partly in section on the line ll-ll'in lfigure l0.

ln these drawings the numeral l2 designates the hous' or body casting ot a magneto having secured 'thereto field mae nets i3 which contact with Ylined pole piec le mounted in the housing l2. The magn u i3 are conveniently hired to lugs l5 formed integrally with the housing l2 by screws as shown7 and they may either contact with thel sides ot the lined pele pieces le in the ordinary way, or rest upon the upper sur :faces of the latter illustrated in 7iligares 2, 8a and 9. Alternately the magnets i3 may be maintained in position by a cover or band of sheet metal fixed by screws l? to the housing l2.

The housing l2 provided with flanged ends i8 which are, preferably of equal thickness and similar in external coniiguration, and the interior ot said housing is accurately bored to form a cylindre-al chamber i9 open at both e; l

ln the chamber 19 is rot rably fitted a cylindrical sleeve 2O which is clearly illustrated in lFigure This sleeve 2O is constructed of non-magnetic metal and. is furnished with an en ged e nsion 2i tornr ing a shoulder 22 which ber 1s against a. :flanged end i8 ot the hout. l lf2. The sleeve 2O may be inserted into'either end of said housing and said sleeve is retained in position by the shoulder and a collar 23 which may be screwed upon its opposite end or fined thereto as by screws ln some cases in which the enlarged extension 2l is not required a collar as Q13 may be provided at both ends of the sleeic ln the sides of the sleeve S20 mounted auxiliary pole pieces 25, hereinaft r referred to as movable pole pieces?1 whi h are constructed to be closely conti nous to ,sa-ifi fined pole pieces ill. These pole pieces can be solidly constructed7 but are prefer ably, ot laminated structure ane fined in the sleeve 2O by die-casting.

The sleeve Q() 2 provided with an irwarcli1,i projecting i f y Q6N and the enlarge( tension 2l ot said eve is furnishedwith a cover or diaphra i 2i. This cover 2? is spigoted to the extension 21 and said cover is fixed thereto by screws 28 which are passed into lugs 29, preferably, formed on the inner side of said extension. In flange 26 and cover 27 are respectively mounted bearings 30 and 31 which rotatably support the armature of the magneto.

A casting 32 of non-magnetic metal forms the primary unit or element to or on which the component parts of the armature are secured or mounted. This casting which is shown more clearly in Figure 4 comprises a central axial drum or barrel 33 which is bounded at its opposite ends by circular cheeks 34.

In the space between the cheeks 34 the primary and secondary windings of the armature are located, said axial drum 33 and cheeks forn'iing a spool or reel upon and around which said windings are peripherally wound. The primary and secondary windings are indicated by numbers 35 and 36 respectively, and these windings are insulated and electrically associated in the usual manner.

On the outer side of each cheek 34 and formed integrally therewith are lugs 37 which are spaced at equal angular intervals apart, the lugs 37 on one cheek being positioned in such manner that they bisect the angles between said lugs on the opposite cheek as clearly indicated in Figures 2 and 4.

The interior ofl the casting 32 is axially bored to receive a tube 38 of magnetic material, preferably soft iron, which projects beyond the. lugs 37 and forms spigots 39 upon which parts of the armature hereinafter described are mounted. This tube 38 is packed. with soft iron wires 40, in manner commonly adopted in the construction of induction coils in order to restrict the flow of eddy currents.

The lugs 37 are slotted radially to accommodate inductors 41 which preferably comprise assemblages of stamped laminations of soft iron which are conveniently secured in place by transverse rivets 42. The laminated inductors 41 at their inner ends contact closely with the iron tube 38, and in order to effect a close union therewith they are fixed in lugs 37 prior' to the boring of the casting 32.

The casting 32 is preferably manufactured by the process of die-casting, the laminated inductors 41 being cast in position.

The condenser 43 isv` preferably, arranged at the driven end of the armature and is positioned in a diametrically disposed chamber 44 formed in a housing 45. This housing is mounted on a spigot 39, and is retained in position by screws 46 which are passed into longitudinal bosses 47 formed between each of the lugs 37. Holes 46 are made in the opposite side of the housing to permit of the insertion and withdrawal of the screws 46. The condenser 43 is associated with the outer end of the primary winding by a conductor 48, and is connected in parallel with the contact breaker in thel ordinary way.

The driving shaft 4of the magneto is secured to the condenser housing 45 in the usual manner and this shaft extends outwardly from bearing 30.

Mounted on the spigot 39 at the opposite end of the armature is the flanged end 50 of the Contact breaker shaft 51. This shaft 51 is fixed to the armature casting 32 in a similar manner to the condenser housing 45, namely by screws 46 which are passed into the bosses 47. The shaft 51 is supported by and extends through the bearing 31 and at its end said shaft is tapered to fit the base plate 52 of the contact breaker hereinafter described.

Mounted on the contact breaker shaft 51 and secured to the flanged end 50 thereof by screws 53 is the distributer rotor 54. This rotor 54 is constructed ofinsulating material and carried a metal Abrush 55 which is, preferably, moulded into it, This brush is connected to the end of the secondary winding 36 by an insulated conductor 56.

The distributer is preferably of the spark gap type in which a rotary brush moves past a series of stationary collectors and is separated from the latter by a short interval or gap, across which the high tension current leaps to each collector in succession.

In the distributor illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, six equally spaced terminals 57 of insulating material are concentrically arranged about the axis of rotation and around the contact. breaker hereinafter described..

The terminals 57 are supported at their inner and outer ends in accurately aligned holes 58 and 59 formed respectively in the cover 27 and in a metal cap 60 which is mounted on a spigot 61 formed on said cover. The cap 6() may be secured in pla-ce by screws (not shown) which are tapped into the cover 27, but said cap is preferably fixed in position by the screws 28, which are made of sufficient length to pass through both the cap and the cover 27.

A metal stem 62 is moulded in each terminal 57 and projects from each end thereof. The inner ends of the stems 62 function to collect current from the rotary brush 55 and the outer ends of said stems are threaded to receive terminal nuts 63 preferably furnished with heads of insulating material.

A boss 64 is formed on the sleeve 20, and is furnished with a window 65 to enable the brush to be seen to facilitate the timing of the magneto when the same is being mounted on an engine.

The Contact breaker base plate 52 previously referred to is secured to the contact breaker shaft 51 in the usual manner to a Cfr central screw 66 which bears upon and passes through an insulated metal block 67 mounted on the base plate 52. This screw G6 is axially disposed within and insulated from the contact breaker' shalt 5l, and at its inner end said screw engages with a fixed insulated nut llhis nut GS is prevented trom rotatiup by a diainetrically .disposed 'pin 69 with which it engages. rlhis pin extends Ythrough insulating bushes 70 in the flanged end ol) of the contact breaker shaft 5l. .At one end the pin 69 is extended radially out- '\.\'ards and is connected to the end ot the primary winding;` by a conductor 7 i, shown elet y in Figures 5 and 6.

The insulated meta-l block G7 is accordingly electrically connected with the outer end ot the primary winding at all times. Said insulated block 67 is constructed with theradial branches or extensions 72 which are disposed on opposite sides of a diametral plane with which said branches make equal angles.

Screws 73 are passed through and insulated from the base plate 52, and these screws engage with tapped holes the branches 72 of the insulated block G7. lly means ol' the curelV to the base -)late 52 even when the central screw 66 is removed.

ln said diametral plane and on the side the axis 'or rotation remote Afrom the branches 72 and at a required distance from said axis, is positioned a pivot or pin 74, which is securely tir-:ed in the base plate @n the pivot or pin 7l is mounted a bush 75 of insulating material which forms a bearing lfor the contact breaker lever 76. This lever is oit the usual bell crank construction having' a libre heel 77 at one end and a contact 7 3, hereinafter referred to as the movable contact at the opposite end.

cooperating contact 7 9 termed the insulated contact is mounted on a screw which is adapted to lit threaded holes 8l in the branches The screw 8O is capable of endwise adjustment and is provided with, a lock nut 82 in the usual manner.

ln said diametral plane, and formed integrally with the base plate and positioned between the branches 72 is an outwardly projecting' lug SB to which is attached one end oit a spring;` Sel by a screw S5. The spring" Selat its opposite end is attached to said lever 7 by a screw 86. Said springr a functions in the usual manner to maintain the n'iovablc contact 7S upon the insulated contact 7 9.

l hole is made through the boss ot' the lever 7 6, and this hole is made of such diameter that it lits neatly the exterior of the bush An insulating' washer 88 is interposed betwvcn the lever 7G and the base plate 52.

A 'flat spring 89 bears upon the outer end of the bush 7 5 and retains the latter and the lever 76 in place upon the pivot or pin 74. The central screw 66 passes through a hole made in the opposite end ot the spring 559 and the latter is clamped between the head of said screw and the insulated block G7, but not so tightly as to prevent its being turned aside when it is necessary to remore the lever 76.

The movable contact 78 is separated troni the insulated contact 79 in the usual manner, by impact oi' the libre heel 77 with cams fixed concentrically around the contact breaker.

rlhe cams 90 can conveniently be constructed as sleeves preferably ci hardened steel which are tightly fitted upon the outside ot the terminals 57. These cams or sleeves 90 when unduly worn by the fibre heel 77 can be made to present unworn surfaces to the latter by slightly turningY 'the terminals 57 on their axes.

The usual earthing brushes 91 indicated by broken lines in .Figure are provided at the back ol" the base plate A cover 92 preferably or insulating material is mounted on the cap 60 and is retained in position thereon by tlat springs 9?; fixed to said cap b v rivets or the lik A. carbon earthing brush 9st is located centrally in the cover 92, and bears upon thc head oi" the central screw 6G*m y)The brush Ellis mounted in a metal holder moulded in the cover 92, and the outer end ot this holder is threaded and is provided with a terminal nut 95 'for connection with the usual ear-thingl switch.

rlhe contact breaker above described can be quickly adjusted to operate in either dh rect-.ion or rotation with equal erllciency.

lt is imperative tor ei'cient operation ot a contact breaker that the libre heel 77' should trail behind or follow the pivot 7a oli the Contact breaker lever 76 during;` rotation. lt the libre heel 77 leads or moves in advance of the pivot 74l-7 the former will wear and chattering of the lever will occur and undue wear ot the bush 7 5 will result.

In Figure 3 the contact breaker is shown adjusted for operation in a clockwise or right-handed direction when viewed as custernary from the opposite end or driving end of the magneto. i

The lever 7 6 having no lateral 'projections and being symmetrically supported on the bush 75 may be removed from the pivot pin 74 and turned over so as to bring its respective arms into precisely similar positions on opposite sides of the diametral plane passing through the pivot pin 7 Ll and the spring supporting lug 83, as clearly indicated by broken lines in Figure 3. The spring 8e is adjusted to extend from the opposite side of the lug 83, similarly shown by broken lines in Figure 3, and the screw 80 bearing the insulated contact 79 is transferred to the hole 8l. in the other branch 72 of the insulated block 67.

It will be observed that the various parts after reversal and transference, take up exactly similar positions on the opposite sides of the diametral plane mentioned above. After adjustment of the insulated contact 79 has been effected to give the required break or distance between the contacts 78 and 79 when separated, it will be found that the Contact breaker will operate in the opposite direction of rotation with equal efficiency. y

t will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that a contact breaker constructed in the manner above described has considerable advantages over the usual type of contact liueali'er, for in addition to the ease with which it may be altered to operate in either direction, it simplifies manufacture in that only one contact breaker is required instead of two suited respectively to clockwise and anticloekwise directions of rotation.

its shown in Figures ly and 2 the armature when placed in a magneto is arranged with its core co-axially disposed in relationship to the axis of rotation, the radial inductors 4l being adapted to rotate closely past the movable pole-pieces 25.

The tiux changes occurring in the armature core may be readily understood by reference to Figure 2, in which the direction of the magnetic field is indicated by arrows, the right hand limb of the magnet being assumed to be a north pole indicated by the letter N. In the position illustrated thc magnetic flux passes as indicated by arrows through the inductors 41 and across the end of the armature core, but not in an axial direction through the latter.

This is the position of zero fiux in the core and approximately peak voltage in the armature windings, and is approximately the position in which the contacts 7 8 and 79 should separate as shown in Figure 3, and in which the distributer brush 55 should tace one of the terminals 57 as shown in Figures l and 3.

Upon further movement of the armature in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig- 2 and 3. the magnetic flux will change position passing in through the inductor all, facing the north pole down through tbe armature core in a. direction away from the observer and out through the opposed inductor all facing the opposite pole and at the opposite end of the armature, as shown by broken lines. iVhen the opposed inductors ll. take up a horizontal position in extended alignment from pole to pole, the flux in the armature core will be a maximum the current in the windings zero.

After still vfurther movement of the arma- 'turcthe Eux will again change its position and pass across the ends of the core. and a second position of peak voltage or maximum current and zero flux will be attained. This position of peak voltage synchronizes with the arrival of the libre heel 77 at the next cam 9() and the brush at the nextterminal 57.

Upon continuance of the motion of the armature the flux will again be diverted through the armature core in an opposite direction, on this occasion towards the observer, and another position of zero current and maximum flux will be reached. This will be followed by a position of maximum current and zero flux, and so on, the flux changes occuring to a definite order or cycle.

Each position of the armature to which the current attains a maximum value, synchronizes with the Contact of the fibre heel 77 with a cam 90 and the arrival of the brush 55 at a terminal 57.

- Further consideration will show that With the arrangement of inductors illustrated in Figures 2 and 4, six peak voltage maximum current positions will be obtained in each revolution of the armature with accordingly tbe production of six sparks.

Inspection of Figures 2 and 3 will show that alteration and adjustment of the contact breaker as previously described is all that is necessary to enable the magneto to function when driven in its opposite direction of rotation. lhen lever 7 6 is reversed as indicated by broken lines the libre heel 77 will contact with the corresponding cam 90 on the opposite side of said diametral plane. The' cont-acts 7S and 79 will. accordingly be separated and the brush 55 will still face the lowest terminal 57.

If the armature be now rotated in theopposite or anticlockwise direction. the magnetic tlux will pass from the north pole into the inductor 41 at the further endof ythe armature and will extend up the core towards the observer and out through the inductor ll facing t-he opposite pole at the nearer end of the armature. Upon continuance of the action of the armature :i position of maximum flux will be attained which will later be followed by a position of maximum current which latter synchronizes with the arrival of fibre heel 77 at the succeedingT cam 90 and the brush 55 at the next terminal 57.

Advance and retard timing movements are effected by rotating the sleeve Q0 on its axisy by means of a timing lever 96. The advance and retard movements are conveniently limited by a pin 97 which is fixed in the housing l2, and projects into a slot 98 formed in the collar 23.

During the timing range of movement of the sleeve 20, the movable pole pieces 25, cams 90, and distributer terminals 57 being rigidly xed to said sleeve are always kept thereon he W in the same relative positions, Accordingly for all positiolis of the timing' lever 96 am sleeve Q0 re heel 7"? will always een- Yn the radial .indoothe current Twhen the for separated will he oonoontaets 'f 8 and 79 are stent ano the moxinirin obtainable at that speefl, and the intensi@T oi the spark will be the :ame Sor all positions in the timing range.

ln this manner one of the inherent cle- Jfeats of the high tension magneto is ohviated.

ln magnetos as ordinarily Constructed with fired pole pieces, the maximum current iii the windings at Kgiven speed `Will oC- our when the armatore occupies a cleinite position in relationship to the pole pieces. lt Customary to construct the Contact breaker in suoli mann r that when fully aclvancetl the seoaratiou of the eo'ot-aots coin- Ciiles with the maximum Current position of the armature, lf the separation ofthe eontoets he ietar/lefl the armature will have inovecl away from the in air-:lum current po ion7 and the Current interrupted will he lower value and the iifitensit;7 et the spark .vill be proportionatelj/7 reduced. This is moet inalerl at starting and at low speeds .veen it is neeessa` y to retard the ignition, the intensity of the spark being greatly reduced..

ln multi oyliiiiler inagnetos wherein a (lil uterinoonteo on a, seoarato shaft driven of gearing 'tronthe arin ture shaft is erm ploye l. the stator takes no part the timinp; adjustments, Ordinarily the contacts close when the timing; lever is fully ad- .'fanceclnl immediately heiore the clistrihutii brush leaves a distributor collector, Consequently when fully retarclecl the distributing hrosh will have inovefl awa) from the Colleetor Wl the Contact-s close. At high speeds the high tension. current is not extinguished until the contacts Close agaim so that spar to occur between the brush and esneciallyv who a carhon hrosh Clistrihuter is-employed.

rlf'his is recognized inherent defect ot the high tension magneto, which is ohviate-:l io this invention hy monloting` the clistril i. tator upon the movable sleeve that the brush always laces the terminals 517 in all positions of the timing.

BIV releasino; the collar on the sleeve 20 and fliseonneotir@` the shaft 49 from the rivinoj shat't as couplingl on an engine, the sleeve 20 ano all the operative parts mounted @drawn from the housing;

l2 Without reino ralv oit the latter from the eigine The sleeve 20 and all the parte ,hereon may he ooo. red

reailily inspeoteel pairs effected it necessary.

having; all 'nf ment. .ill l ing the saine. relai.

the relationship to theA e i when the shatt i9 on is conneoteil to the drivin s plingy on the engine ln Figures 5 and 0 are v il in be Correct teil sleeve it or oooonstriictions in which tlf llroin or barrel c 3E and radial inchietors -lil assemblages oit one-piece stanipings oiin soft iron having h'jj ability.

ln the ease o'l' the Vtivoshown in liglire 5. the .lain

of agproxiniateljv '/Qexl are assembled hf; one or lhen the la niiiations are ann-er an ier o e and around which anc. 36 are Wound.

Alt each end oi t laminations is lo (l ,ifl oggosef` are arrangefv nient.

rThe Completed armatore the inner core T100 and opino is mounted in loge or jai therein hv transverse r v The lng-:s or jaws 10i.

oonfleneer housingl lr03,

and previ or jaws .l04s

armature were an ericl plate l0 denser olaniher #lll attached thereto as The logs of the said orally with eentrioally formeel thereon a are eorop'fiseo ot lamina." Y.

h Dernieassenioi which so'fgoterl the ilongjefl oeil oit the @,ntaet hre? i r si n 5L This Shaft Cured to t hess 105 hy @vs 52a previ ,Ho ously intentioned. Dises "00 mac-ie latin material and in ha at eaeh encl oli the inner vor@ 106 seeorexl ii are passed t -ere holes in bosses saidV lugs '102.

nl are hv securedhy e\ il which ri and 0.

show; in mures o These dises l0?) amil ih eroi a spool or reel as n. on which the armatore Win rThe twosparlc armatln is loeatel in the sleeve 20 l lv disposed niovahle p' i etes the ma i eti@ iii; f the core ,1 hereol ri vioiery freseriheo. two oy iefl on sere a e fr0? which irl roto the Q :zet vo r iosite e i "i it i atelv flianrl tr a 'o e versoly er pirecurrent positions being attained `dur-ing each revolution.

In the four-spark armature shown in Figure 6, the armature core is made up of an assemblage of I-shaped laminations or sta-mpings which `are secured together by rivets 110. The lassemblage of laminations is held in suitable dies and twisted to bring the inductors 41 at opposite ends thereof into planes disposed at right angles to each other. the inductors 41 at each end of the armature being` in diametrical alignment.

The arn'iature core so constructed is mounted and secured in lugs or jaws 101 by rivets 1.02. Said lugs lor jaws 101 being formed respectively on a condenser housing 103 and an end plate 104as described above.

Discs 10G of insulating material are mounted at opposite ends ot the inner core 100 and a-re fixed in position by screws 107, in precisely the same way as in `the above described two-spark armature.

In the ycase of a four-spark armature it is necessary that the movable pole pieces 26 should be positioned approximately at right angles to each other as shown in Figures S and 9.

In Figure 8 the armature is shown in a position ot' zero flux and approximately peak voltage. The flux passes longitudinally through the near inductors 41. and transversely across an end of one of the remote inductors as indicated by the arrows in Figure 8, and not through the axial inner core 100.

In Figure 9 the armature. has moved into a position of approximately maximum flux and Zero current. In this position the magnetic lux passes inwards through one of the near inductors 41, down the inner core 100 and out through one of the further inductors 41.

fter further movement of the armature has taken place another position of zero flux and maximum current will be reached, in which the magnetic flux will extend transversely across the end of one ot the near inductors 41 and longitudinally through the remote inductors 41.

This will be followed by a position of maximum .flux and zero current in which the flux passes inwardly through a vremote inductor #l1 up through the core towards the observer and out to the opposite pole through a near inductor 41. A 'fter further movement the inductors will again occupy a siiiiilar positionl` to that illustrated. in Figure S, and the cycle of flux changes will he repeated. y

(lonsiileration will show that four maximum current values will be attained during arranged for a tour-spark magneto, and a modified detail ot the contact breaker previously described. These are shown mounted upon the enlarged extension 21 of the sleeve 20, which is broken away for convenience of illustration.

The cover 27 is provided with a concentric extension which vtorins the housing or cam cage 111 of the contact breaker. Upon the housing 111 is mounted an annular distributer stator 112, constructed ot insulating material, preferably by moulding.

The stator 112'is of the flush type, having metal terminals 118 moulded therein vand cable sockets 114 into which the ends of the high tension cables are inserted and secured by pointed screws 115.

Formed integrally with the stator 112 are a series of nipples 116, which extend through holes 58 in the cover 27. Axially positioned in said nipples 116` are metal collecting stems 62 which are screwed into the terminals 113.

In place of the separate sleeve rcams 90 previously described, a cam ring 117 having cams 118 formed integrally therewith, is mounted within the housing or cam cage lll.

A cover 92 of insulating material is mounted on the end of the housing 111 and 95 is retained thereon by a` flat spring 119 which is mounted on a pillar 120 ixed in a lug 121 formed on said enlarged extension 21.

The cover 92 is provided with an earthing switch brush 122 ot usual construction, and 100 a pointed screw terminal v123 moulded therein, for connection with the earthing switch cable.

Preferably, the cover 92 and the annular distributer 112 are formed integrally to- 105 Igether as a. single moulding shown by broken lines in Figure 11.

The distributers herein described and illustrated are ot spark gap construction, but it required carbon brush distributers 110 may be employed in lieu thereof.

I claim:

1. A magneto of the rotary armature type having a body casting provided with field magnets and fixed pole pieces, an oscil- 115 latable sleeve of non-magnetic rmaterial passing through and having rits ends projecting beyond the body casting, means `for retaining the sleeve within the body casting. auxiliary pole pieces in the sleeve magnetically associated with pole pieces in thebody casting, a bearing in one end of the sleeve. an enlarged extensionon the opposite end ot the sleeve, a cover on the enlarged extension, a bearing in the cover, an armature having 125 lend shafts rotatably supported in the bearings, an axial core on the centre of the armature, radial jaws at the ends of ,'thec0re,in ductors in the jaws at the ends of .the core, annular discs on the ends of thecore yadjay type. an armature provided with an innerairial core of high magnetic permeabilitv, an outer Core oit non-magnetic material, windings peripherally wound on and about the outer core, radially disposed at the ends of the outer o re, and radial influctors ol highly permeable magnetic material vin said vs and magnetically' associated with the inner core.

3. ln a magneto ot the rotary armature type, an armature having' an inner axially disposed core of high magnetio permeability, an outer core olf non-niaofnetiey material, cheeks at the opposite ends oi? the outer core, primary and secondary windings peripherally wound on the outer core and positioned between the cheeks, aws on said cheeks, radial inductors in said jaws and magnetically associated with the inner Core, a condenser housing lined to one end of the outer core, a driving` shalt fixed to the condenser housing, a contact breaker shalt tired to the opposite end of the outer core, and distributor rotor iixed to the Contact breaker shalt..

t l'n a magneto of the rotary armature type having a body casting provided with iield magnets and lined pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve passing through the body casting, a removable looking ring 'for retaining the sleeve within the body casting, auxiliary pole pieces in the sides oi the sleeve, an armature rotatively supported within Y sleeve, an axially disposed l:ore ot high magnetic permeability on the amature, an outer oore ot non-magnetic material, primary and secondary windings disposed peripherally on the outer eore radially disposed jaws at the ends oit the outer Veere, radial inductors of highly permeable magnetic material in said jaws and magnetically associated with the inner core, a distrbuter rotor fitted to one end ot the arma e, a brush on the dis tribut/er rotor, a distributor stator having a fixed relationship and disposed concentrically to the sleeve and eolleotors on the distributer stator adjacent to the path oi' the brushv and eorrespondi in number to the total number of radial induotors on the armature..

t, lin a magneto or the rotary armature the iva/rosas type, an armature having an axially disposed oore and radial induotors 4formed of an assemblage of one piece laminations, a condenser housing at one end ot t ie oors, an end plate at the opposite end or said core, jaws on the condenser housing and onthe end plate Vformino; mounting's for said Core and induetors, discs oie. insulating material lined to the `iaws, and primary and secondary windings peripherally disposed on said core between said discs. n

6. lli magneto of the rotary armature type having a body cas-tino provided with iield magnets and tired pole pieces, an osoillatable sleeve passing; longitudinally through the body castin auxiliary pole pieces inthe sii-fles of the sleeve, bearings disposed co-aXially with the sleeve, an armature provided with an axially disposed eore and rotatively supported in. the bearings, primary and seoondary windings on the core,vradial inductors on the eore, a Condenser at one end oi the arman ture, a Contact breaker sha'l't lined to the opposite end of the armature a contest breaker mounted on said shaft, a distributor stator ooncentrioally disposed about the Contact breaker and oscillatable with the sleeve, and a distributor rotor on the armature between the Contact breaker and the inductors on the adjacent end ot the core.

7. A magneto having an ain'iatnre provided with an axially disposed core, pri mary and secondary windings wound on the core, radial inductors on the (ore, a condenser on one end oit the armature, a Contact breaker shaft fixed to the opposite end of the armature, a contact breaker nioi: "ed on iid shaft, a distributor stator concentric-ally disposed about the Contact breaker, and a distributor rotor on the armature between the contact breaker and the adjacent end of the core.

8. ln a magneto o'l the rotary armature type having` a tram@ supportine' iield magnets and hired pole piez'es, a sleeve ot noninaenetio material detachably mounted and rotatively adjustable in. the 't1 Nme, auxiliary pole pieces in the sides ot the sleeve, an en larged extension on one end ol the sleeve, a retaining ring; removably Fitted to the opposite end of the sleeve, an armature rotatively mounted within the sleeve, primary and secondary windings on the it. ire, a distributor rotor fitted to the arm and disposed wihin the enlarged end o` the sleeve, said rotor beine; associa iiith the serondery vwind g, and nistributer sl or disposed eoneentrically wit the ois l louter rotor and having a lined relationsiiip with the osoillatabie sleeve.

9, ln a magneto ot the rotary armature type having a body casting* provuled with field magnets and xed pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve passinglongitudinally through the ,body casting, auxiliary pole CIK lli)

pieces in the sleeve disposed in planes at right angles to each other, bearings disposed in axial alignment with the sleeve, an armature supported vby the bea-rings 'ro tatively within the sleeve, an axial core in the centre of the armature, diametrically opposed radial inductors at the ends of the axial core the inductors at one end being at rightangles to the inductors at the other end of the core, primary and secondary windings on said axial core, a distributer rotor fitted to one end of the armature, a brush on the distributer rotor, a distributer stator having a fixed relationship with and disposed concentricall to the sleeve, and collectors on the distributer stator.

10. In a magneto of the rotary armature type, a frame having field magnets and fixed pole pieces, a sleeve supported within the body casting and adapted to partially rotate to effect timing adjustments, auxiliary pole pieces in the sides of the sleeve, an armature rotatively supported within thesleeve, an insulated brush 0n the armature, a. contact breaker, contacts on the contact breaker, a distributer stator mounted concentrically with the sleeve and surroundingr the contact breaker, distributer collectors in the said distributer stator, and cams disposed concentrically Within the said distributer stator constructed and arranged whereby said sleeve Will maintain the operative parts associated therewith in definite relationship and ensure that when the contacts are separated by said cams, the armature will occupy an approximately peak voltage position relative to the pole pieces and the distributer brush will evenly face the distributer collectors in all positions of the timing range.

11. In a magneto of the rotary armature type having a body casting provided with field magnets and fixed pole pieces. an oscillatable sleeve passing through the body casting, an armature supported rotatively within the sleeve, an axial core on the armature, radial inductors on the end of the axial core arranged in pairs, the inductors of each pair being disposed in diametrical alignment on opposite ends of the core, a distributer rotor on the armature, and a distributer stator having a number of collectors arranged symmetrically around the axis of the armature and oscillatable with the sleeve.

12. In a magneto of the rotary armature type having a body casting provided with the field magnets and fixed pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve, of non-magnetic material passing through the body casting, auxiliary pole pieces in the sides ofthe sleeve, an armaP ture having an axial core, primary and secondary windings wound on the core, radially disposed jaws at the ends of the core, a plurality of radial inductors in said jaws arranged in dpairs on opposite sides of the windings an magnetically associated with the core, a distributer rotor on the armature, a brush on the'distributer rotor, a. distributer stator disposed concentrically with the sleeve and having a fixed relationship therewith, and a plurality of collectors on the distributer stator disposed adjacent to the path of the brush on the distributer rotor whereby when the sleeve is oscillated a synchronous adjustment of the auxiliary pole pieces and the collectors is effected.

13. In a magneto of the rotary armature type having a body casting provided With field magnets and fixed pole pieces, a sleeve of non-magnetic material detachably mounted and rotatively adjustable in the body casting, auxiliary pole pieces in t-he sides of the sleeve, a locking ring for retaining the sleeve within the body cast-ing, an armature axially positioned in the detachable sleeve, a driving shaft at one end ofthe armature, a co-axially aligned contact breaker shaft at the opposite end of the armature, an inwardly extending flange on one end of the sleeve, a cover attached tothe opposite end of the sleeve, a bearing in the flange for the driving shaft, a bearing in the cover for the contact breaker shaft, a condenser mounted on the end of the armature provided with the driving shaft, a distributer rotor mounted on the end of the armature provided with ythe contact breaker shaft, and a distributer stator on the cover and arranged 'concentrically with the distributer rotor and having a fixed relationship with the oscillatable sleeve.

14. In a magneto as claimed in claim 13 a, cap on the outer side of said cover, a series of concentrically arranged co-axially aligned and evenly spaced holes formed in the cover and in said cap, distributer terminals in said holes`r collectors on the distributer terminals, an insulated brush mounted on the distributer rotor, and contact breaker cams on said terminals.

15. In a magneto as claimed in claim 13 a concentric extension on said cover forming a contact breaker housing, an annular distributer stator mounted on the contact breaker housing, symmetrically arranged evenly spaced holes in said cover, nipples formed on the annular stator corresponding in number to said holes and extending inwardly therethrough, terminals in said stator, collectors fixed in the terminals and extended through the said nipples, a cam ring in said contact breaker housing, a cover on said housing,` and a spring maintaining said stator and cover in position.

16. A magneto as set forth and claimed in claim 15 having the distributer stator and contact breaker cover integrally united and constructed of moulded insulating material.

17. A magneto of the rotary armature type having! a body7 casting provided with field magnets and lixed pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve of non-magnetic material passing through the body casting, auxiliary pole pieces in the sides ol the sleeve, an armature provided with an axially disposed core supported rotatively within the sleeve, primary and secondary windings wound on the core ofthe armature, a distributor rotor fitted concentrically to one end of the arma ture, a brush on the distributor rotor asso* ciated with the secondary windings, a distributer stator mounted concentrically with the sleeve, collectors in. the distributer stator arranged in the path of the brush, a contact breaker fitted to one end oil" the armature, and a condenser located at the opposite end ot the armature and associated with the primary winding on the armature.

i8. fr magneto o' therotary armature type having a body casting` provided with lield magnets and lined pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve of non-magnetic material passing through the body casting, means i'or retaining the sleeve within the body casting, auxiliary pole pieces in the sleeve magnetically associated with the pole pieces in the body casting., a bearing in one end Voii the sleeve, a cover on the opposite end of the sleeve, a bearing in the cover, an armature having end shafts rotatably supported in the bearings, a distributer rotor itted concentrically on the armature, a distributer stator disposed concentrically on the cover, a plurality of collectors arranged symmetrically around the axis of the distributer stator, a contact breaker located within the distributer stator, a condenser in the said armature, and a timing lever on the sleeve.

19. A magneto of the rotary armature type comprising a body casting, a cylindrical chamber in the body casting, fixed pole pieces in the body casting` extending through the sides ot' the chamber, tield magnets on the body casting in contact with the pole pieces, an oscillatable sleeve of non-inagnetic material passing through and having its ends projecting beyond the cylindrical chamber in the body casting, an enl reed er;

tension on one projecting end or" the sleeve, a removable retaining ring on the opposite projecting end of the sleeve, auxiliary pole pieces in the sleeve, a cover on the enlarged extension of the sleeve, an armature rotatively supported in the sleeve, an axial core on the centre of the armature, radial jaws at the ends of the core, inductors in the jaws, annular discs on the core adjacent to the inductors, primary and secondary windings on the core, distributer rotor on the armature and located concentrically within the cover, a distributer stator on the cover and concentric with the rotor, a plurality of collectors arranged symmetrically around the axis of the distributor stator, a contact breaker on the armature located vvithn the cover on the sleeve, a time ing lever on the sleeve, a condenser housing inthe armature, and a condenser in the said housing.

ln testimony whereoi:l l ailiX my signature.

ARTHUR GEORGE LLOYD NElGHBUR.

Witnesses l/VILLIAM A. AsH'roN, (i. L. CULLER. 

